{"id":948,"date":"2023-06-30T18:56:43","date_gmt":"2023-06-30T18:56:43","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/terranima.farm\/what-is-a-guild\/"},"modified":"2025-03-12T09:57:16","modified_gmt":"2025-03-12T09:57:16","slug":"what-is-a-guild","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/terranima.farm\/it\/what-is-a-guild\/","title":{"rendered":"Cos'\u00e8 una \"gilda\"?"},"content":{"rendered":"
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Cos'\u00e8 una \"gilda\"?<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t
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In permacultura, una \"gilda\" si riferisce a un sistema cooperativo attentamente progettato e interconnesso di piante, animali, funghi e altri elementi che lavorano insieme in modo sinergico, creando un ecosistema sostenibile e produttivo.<\/p>\n

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Il principio fondamentale della progettazione di una gilda \u00e8 la creazione di un sistema diversificato e resiliente, in cui ogni elemento svolge molteplici funzioni e contribuisce alla produttivit\u00e0 complessiva dell'ecosistema.<\/strong><\/p>\n

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Una gilda in permacultura \u00e8 generalmente composta da diversi elementi chiave:<\/p>\n

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Specie centrali:<\/strong> Al centro della gilda si trova solitamente una pianta o un albero principale che funge da punto focale e fornitore primario di risorse. Questa specie centrale \u00e8 spesso una perenne a lunga vita (come un albero) che costituisce la struttura portante della gilda.

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Piante consociative:<\/strong> Intorno alla specie centrale si trovano diverse piante complementari, note come piante consociative. Queste vengono selezionate con cura per svolgere funzioni specifiche che favoriscono la salute e la produttivit\u00e0 della gilda. Possono, ad esempio, fissare l'azoto, controllare i parassiti, attrarre impollinatori, accumulare nutrienti o regolare l'ombra

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Insetti e animali benefici:<\/strong> Le comunit\u00e0 biologiche favoriscono la presenza di insetti e animali utili che svolgono ruoli essenziali nella gestione dei parassiti, nell'impollinazione, nell'aerazione del suolo o nel riciclo dei nutrienti. Alcune piante, ad esempio, attraggono insetti predatori che tengono sotto controllo le popolazioni di parassiti, mentre i fiori possono attirare impollinatori come api e farfalle.

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Miglioratori del suolo:<\/strong> Le gilde spesso includono piante o organismi che contribuiscono alla fertilit\u00e0 e alla salute del suolo. Le piante azoto-fissatrici, come le leguminose, trasformano l'azoto atmosferico in una forma utilizzabile dalle altre piante. Gli accumulatori dinamici, come la consolida maggiore o l'achillea, estraggono i nutrienti dagli strati profondi del suolo, rendendoli disponibili per le piante a radicazione pi\u00f9 superficiale quando le loro foglie si decompongono.

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Pacciamatura e copertura del suolo:<\/strong> Le piante tappezzanti e le piante da pacciamatura vengono impiegate per proteggere il suolo dall'erosione, conservare l'umidit\u00e0, sopprimere le erbacce e fornire materia organica attraverso la decomposizione. Queste piante, come erbe aromatiche a crescita bassa o perenni striscianti, fungono anche da pacciamatura viva, creando microclimi e ottimizzando l'utilizzo delle risorse all'interno della gilda.<\/p>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t

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\u00a0<\/h6>\n
Selezionando e disponendo con cura le specie vegetali e gli altri elementi in base alle loro relazioni funzionali, miriamo a creare sistemi autosufficienti e a bassa manutenzione che imitano l\u2019equilibrio e l\u2019efficienza degli ecosistemi naturali.\u00a0<\/span><\/h6>\n

La composizione esatta di una gilda dipender\u00e0 dagli obiettivi specifici, dal clima e dalle condizioni locali di un determinato sito.\n<\/span><\/h6>\n<\/br>\n

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Immagine a sinistra:<\/em> Gruppo sinergico di piante attorno ad un giovane ulivo, composto da diverse erbe perenni e alcune piante da frutto annuali e ortaggi. <\/span><\/h6>\n

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Quando si tratta consociare piante con alberi di ulivo, esistono diverse specie che possono contribuire a migliorare la salute e la produttivit\u00e0 complessiva dell\u2019ecosistema dell\u2019ulivo.<\/h6>\n
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La foto a destra<\/em>: Vista delle piante consociative che abbiamo scelto per il nostro ulivo.<\/h6>\n

Altre buone piante consociative per una gilda con l\u2019ulivo potrebbero essere: Borragine (Borago officinalis), Finocchio (Foeniculum vulgare), Tagete (Tagetes spp.), Nasturzio (Tropaeolum spp).<\/h6>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t
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I. Consolida (Symphytum spp.):<\/strong><\/p>\n

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La consolida \u00e8 una pianta accumulatrice, nota per le sue radici profonde in grado di estrarre nutrienti dagli strati pi\u00f9 profondi del suolo. Accumula minerali e li rende disponibili per le altre piante, rendendola una scelta eccellente per quasi qualsiasi tipo di consociazione. Le sue ampie foglie creano molta ombra e aiutano a sopprimere le erbacce indesiderate.<\/p>\n

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Curiosit\u00e0: <\/strong>Abbiamo posizionato la consolida all\u2019ombra dell\u2019ulivo (lato nord), poich\u00e9 nel nostro clima \u00e8 ancora difficile farla crescere. In genere, la consolida predilige la mezz\u2019ombra e temperature pi\u00f9 fresche. Con uno spesso strato di pacciamatura in cippato, che riduce significativamente la temperatura superficiale, speriamo che possa prosperare in questo ambiente.<\/p>\n

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II. Lavanda (Lavandula spp.):<\/strong><\/h6>\n
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La lavanda attira impollinatori e insetti benefici, mentre respinge i parassiti. Inoltre, il suo fogliame aromatico pu\u00f2 contribuire a proteggere gli ulivi allontanando eventuali insetti nocivi.<\/h6>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t
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III. Timo (Thymus spp.):<\/strong><\/h6>\n
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Il timo \u00e8 un'erba a crescita bassa che pu\u00f2 fungere da pacciamatura vivente alla base degli ulivi, sopprimendo le erbacce e trattenendo l'umidit\u00e0. Inoltre, attira impollinatori e aiuta a respingere alcuni parassiti.<\/h6>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t
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IV. Rosmarino (Rosmarinus officinalis):<\/strong><\/p>\n

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Il rosmarino \u00e8 un\u2019erba resistente che prospera nelle stesse condizioni degli ulivi. Attira api e altri insetti benefici, oltre a fornire un po\u2019 d\u2019ombra al suolo intorno all\u2019albero.<\/p>\n

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V. Ballota (Ballota acetabulosa):<\/strong><\/p>\n

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I fiori di questa pianta erbacea attirano le api e, una volta cresciuta a sufficienza, le sue foglie fungeranno da copertura del suolo.<\/p>\n

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VI. Incenso (Plectranthus madagascariensis):<\/strong><\/h6>\n
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L'incenso attrae insetti, impollinatori e farfalle, e di conseguenza anche uccelli nel giardino.
Le foglie e i rami di questa\u00a0<\/em>specie emanano un forte profumo e vengono talvolta utilizzati per tenere lontane le mosche. Speriamo che possa allontanare le fastidiose mosche che punteggiano le olive!<\/h6>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t
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VII. Melone zucchero (Cucumis melo):<\/strong><\/h6>\n
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Questo melone \u00e8 un esperimento \u2013 siamo molto curiosi di vedere come si comportano le piante annuali attorno a un ulivo. Finora, la pianta sembra abbastanza felice, con il primo melone che gi\u00e0 sta crescendo.<\/h6>\n
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Con i suoi bellissimi fiori, questo melone attirer\u00e0 impollinatori e fornir\u00e0 ombra \/ copertura del suolo con le sue grandi foglie.<\/h6>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t
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Ricorda di considerare le condizioni di crescita specifiche, il clima e la regione quando selezioni le piante consociative per la tua gilda. \u00c8 anche utile scegliere piante che abbiano esigenze simili in termini di acqua e luce solare<\/strong> , per garantire che possano prosperare insieme.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

What is a guild? In permaculture, a guild refers to a carefully designed and interconnected group of plants, animals, fungi, and other elements that work together synergistically in a sustainable and productive ecosystem. \u00a0 The main principle behind guild design is creating a diverse and resilient system, where each element performs multiple functions and supports the overall productivity of the ecosystem. \u00a0 A permaculture guild typically consists of several key components: \u00a0 Central Species: At the core of a guild, there is usually a main plant or tree species that serves as the focal point or primary provider of resources. This central species is often a long-lived perennial (for example a tree) that forms the backbone of the guild. Companion Plants: Surrounding the central species are a variety of complementary plants, known as companion plants. These plants are carefully selected to fulfill specific functions that support the overall health and productivity of the guild. They may provide additional resources such as nitrogen fixation, pest control, pollination, nutrient accumulation, or shade regulation. Beneficial insects and animals: Guilds incorporate beneficial insects and animals that play important roles in pest management, pollination, soil aeration, or nutrient cycling. For example, certain plants may attract predatory insects that control pest populations, while flowers can attract pollinators like bees and butterflies. Soil Enhancers: Guilds often include plants or organisms that contribute to soil fertility and health. Nitrogen-fixing plants, such as legumes, convert atmospheric nitrogen into a form that other plants can utilize. Dynamic accumulators, like comfrey or yarrow, draw nutrients from deeper soil layers and make them available to shallower-rooted plants when their leaves decompose. Mulch and \/ or Ground Covers: Ground covers and mulch plants are employed to protect the soil from erosion, conserve moisture, suppress weeds, and provide organic matter as they decompose. These plants, such as low-growing herbs or spreading perennials, also serve as living mulch, creating microclimates and optimizing resource utilization within the guild. \u00a0 By carefully selecting and arranging plant species and other components based on their functional relationships, we aim to create self-sustaining and low-maintenance systems that mimic the balance and efficiency of natural ecosystems.\u00a0 The exact composition of a guild will depend on the specific goals, climate, and local conditions of a particular site. Left picture: Guild around a young olive tree with various perennial herbs and some annual fruit and vegetable plants.   When it comes to guilds with olive trees, there are several companion plants that can be beneficial in enhancing the overall health and productivity of the olive tree ecosystem. \u00a0 Picture at the right: view of the companion plants we chose for our olive tree. Other good companion plants for an olive tree guild could be: Borage (Borago officinalis), Fennel (Foeniculum vulgare), Marigold (Tagetes spp.), Nasturtium (Tropaeolum spp.). I. Comfrey (Symphytum spp.): Comfrey is an accumulator plant and known for its deep taproots that can mine nutrients from deep in the soil. It accumulates minerals and makes them available to other plants, making it an excellent choice for almost any type of guild. Its huge leaves create lots of shade and help suppress unwanted weeds. Note: We have placed the comfrey in the shade of the olive tree (north side) as it still is difficult to grow comfrey in our climate. Comfrey generally prefers half-shade and cooler temperatures. With a thick woodchip mulch layer, which is reducing surface temperature considerably, we hope that the comfrey will thrive here. \u00a0 II. Lavender (Lavandula spp.): Lavender attracts pollinators and beneficial insects while repelling pests. Its aromatic foliage can also help deter pests from olive trees. III. Thyme (Thymus spp.): Thyme is a low-growing herb that can act as a living mulch around the base of olive trees, suppressing weeds and conserving moisture. It also attracts pollinators and repels certain pests. IV. Rosemary (Rosmarinus officinalis): Rosemary is a hardy herb that can thrive in the same conditions as olive trees. It attracts bees and other beneficial insects while providing some shade to the soil around the tree. \u00a0 V. Ballota (Ballota acetabulosa): The flowers of this herbaceous plant are attractive for bees and when big enough, the leaves will work as a ground cover. VI. Incense (Plectranthus madagascariensis): Incense attracts insects, pollinators\u00a0and butterflies and therefore also birds to the garden.The leaves and branches of this\u00a0species give off a strong scent and are sometimes used to ward off flies. We’re hoping to keep away the nasty flies that puncture the olives! VII. Sugar melon (Cucumis melo): This melon is an experiment – we are very curious as to how well annual vegetables can do around an olive tree. So far, the plant looks quite happy, growing a first little melon. With its beautiful flowers, this melon will attract pollinators and create shade \/ ground cover with its big leaves Remember to consider the specific growing conditions, climate, and region when selecting companion plants for your guild. 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